Việt Nam's corporate bond market amounts to nearly 16 per cent of GDP and is the fastest-growing market in Asia over the past 15 years.  Photo vneconomy.vn

HÀ NỘI — The risk of corporate bond defaults will keep increasing unless legal loopholes in the market are plugged, according to experts.

Nguyễn Hoàng Dương, deputy director of Department of Banking and Financial Institutions, noted that total corporate bond issuance in Việt Nam had been rising steadily since Q2/2021.

Around VNĐ658 trillion (US$29.1 billion) worth of bonds were issued in 2021, up 42 per cent year-on-year.

Private placement took up the lion’s share of over 95 per cent of bond issuance, whereas the rest went to public offering.

The rapid growth of the corporate bond market has attracted much interest from individuals.

However, individuals are not eligible for private placement according to securities law. It is only available to strategic investors and professional investors.

Given such a legal barrier, some banks, financial institutions and counselling organisations have begun to exploit loopholes to turn individuals into professional investors.

This practice is not illegal but puts non-professional bondholders at risk of bond defaults.

“Individuals are just individuals. They are not fully aware of the risks carried by the bonds they’ve bought or by the issuers,” said the deputy director.

By late Q3/2021, nearly 300,000 individuals had put their money in corporate bonds.

According to Dương, many loss-making firms and small firms with low equity have managed to raise a large amount of money through bonds.

Some bond issuers do not use the proceeds for their stated purposes. Instead, they transfer the money to other organisations, which turn out to be the actual beneficiaries of the bond revenues.

Several securities firms also get in on the act by providing issuers with favourable issuance documents to help them draw in money more easily.

The risk of bond defaults is high. Regardless, a lot of investors keep pouring their money into corporate bonds and turn deaf ears to any warnings.

“Many experts advised the Ministry of Finance to allow several bond defaults to occur, so individuals and investors could become more aware of the risk," Dương said.

Nguyễn Quang Thuân, chairman of FiinGroup JSC, said that a large number of bond issuers were financially weak with a low ability to repay, notably unlisted ones.

According to Thuân, 94 out of 383 issuers in 2021 had been accumulating losses, 81 were running at a loss in 2020 and 121 offered bonds with no collateral.

“I want to remind investors, especially non-professional investors, that even professional banks have bad debts. Accordingly, bonds are not risk-free or default-free. It is all about when a default will occur,” warned the chairman.   

Đỗ Ngọc Quỳnh, general secretary of Vietnam Bond Market Association, believes both professional and non-professional investors will be at risk if the exodus of individuals to the bond market is left unchecked.

To reduce the risk of a bond default, he called for a crackdown on issuers that have manoeuvred to raise money from investors.

Dương believes bond defaults would be detrimental to the financial system as there might be strong links between bonds and banks and financial institutions.

The deputy director urged authorities to continue to refine the legal framework to reduce the market's risks, safeguard investors and maintain the market's stability.

In 2021, 56 per cent of corporate bondholders were banks and securities firms. Professional individuals accounted for 8.6 per cent.

Regarding bond issuers, listed firms took up about 54 per cent, whereas unlisted firms took about 46 per cent. — VNS