GAZA CITY, Palestinian Territories — Thousands of Palestinians are expected to rally at Gaza’s border on Friday despite warnings from Israel that its open-fire rules will not change, raising fears of fresh violence after the the bloodiest day for Gazans in years.

The planned demonstration comes a week after Israeli troops killed 18 Palestinians during a protest at the heavily fortified Gaza border in what was the bloodiest day since a 2014 war.

The protests are in support of refugees, including those in the Palestinian enclave who want to return to their former homes in what is now Israel.

Tens of thousands demonstrated peacefully last Friday. But small groups of Palestinians approached the border, threw stones and rolled burning tyres towards Israeli troops who responded with live fire and tear gas.

The Israeli response generated significant international anger, with critics accusing troops of using disproportionate force.

But Israel has remained adamant such steps were needed to protect troops from an alleged gun attack by militants and stop attempts to infiltrate the border.

Ahead of Friday’s planned protests Israeli Defence Minister Avigdor Lieberman vowed that open-fire rules would not change.

"If there are provocations, there will be a reaction of the harshest kind like last week," Lieberman told public radio.

Israel received support from the White House late on Thursday, which called for Palestinians to engage in peaceful protest and stay 500m from Gaza’s border with Israel.

Peace process?

The latest White House statement would appear to put Trump’s claimed aim of reaching a peace deal between Palestinians and Israelis even further out of reach.

Palestinians have already been infuriated by Trump’s decision to upend decades of US policy and recognise Jerusalem as Israel’s capital.

The current protests at Gaza’s border are slated to last six week, coinciding with the expected opening of the new US embassy in Jerusalem in mid-May.

Others have been more critical of Israel, calling on security forces to avoid a repeat of last week’s killings.

"I particularly urge Israel to exercise extreme caution with the use of force in order to avoid casualties," UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said on Thursday. "Civilians must be able to exercise their right to demonstrate peacefully."

Questions have mounted over Israel’s use of live fire, with Palestinians saying protesters were shot at while posing no threat to soldiers.

Rights groups have criticised the army’s actions, while the European Union and Guterres have called for an independent investigation.

Human Rights Watch called the deaths "calculated" and illegal. Protest organisers in Gaza said they were planning to try to stop smaller numbers of demonstrators approaching the fence and hurling stones or rolling burning tyres at Israeli troops.

Asaad abu Sharkh, a spokesman and member of the organising committee of the protests, dubbed the Great March of Return, said better attempts will be made on Friday to keep Gazans from approaching the fence.

"I think this was a mistake, a mistake of organisation from us because we shouldn’t have let people (go to the border)," he said.

"But at the same time we were not expecting the Israelis to shoot to kill." — AFP