ALGIERS — French President Emmanuel Macron has made his first official visit to Algeria, announcing that he came as a "friend" despite France’s historically prickly relationship with its former colony.

Ties between Paris and Algiers have defrosted in recent years, a half-century after French forces brutally cracked down on independence fighters in a 1954-62 war that left some 1.5 million Algerians dead.

Macron, the first French president to be born after the war, told news website Tout sur l’Algerie on Wednesday that he was "ready" to see his country hand back the skulls of Algerian resistance fighters killed in the 1850s, which are held at the Musee de l’Homme in Paris.

Algerian and French academics have long campaigned for the return of the 37 skulls, a symbolic hangover from France’s 130-year occupation of Algeria.

Macron arrived in Algiers under bright sunshine on Wednesday after stressing that he came as "a friend of Algeria, a constructive partner who wants to strengthen our links".

"I know the history, but I am not a hostage of the past," he told Algerian newspapers El Watan and El Khabar by phone ahead of his visit.

"But from now on, I hope... that we will turn together towards the future."

Macron was welcomed at Algiers airport by Senate speaker Abdelkader Bensalah, Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia and Foreign Minister Abdelkader Messahel.

He later laid a wreath at a monument in central Algiers to those killed in the war, and walked through the centre of the capital, talking with passers-by.

Macron later held a one-hour meeting President Abdelaziz Bouteflika, 80, who has rarely appeared in public since suffering a stroke in 2013 that has affected his speech and mobility.

He told reporters they discussed the US decision to recognise Jerusalem as Israel’s capital, crisis-hit Libya and the anti-terrorism struggle in the Sahel.

US President Donald Trump’s decision was "regrettable", Macron said, calling for efforts to avoid violence.

Security co-operation

During his election campaign in May, the French leader called his country’s colonial history a "crime against humanity", prompting criticism from some in France and praise from Bouteflika.

But on a recent trip to west Africa, Macon called for "neither denial nor repentance", stressing that "we cannot remain trapped in the past".

Paris is keen to build ties with Algeria, a key player in the fight against armed groups in the Sahel, and the region’s crises are likely to figure in meetings with officials.

The Sahel, which stretches from Senegal to Sudan, has sunk into lawlessness since chaos engulfed Libya in 2011, Islamists overran northern Mali in 2012, and Boko Haram rose up in northern Nigeria.

France has praised Algeria’s "experience in the fight against terrorism and radicalisation", a reference to its decade-long civil war in the 1990s.

Macron is due to host talks in Paris on December 13 on "speeding up deployment" of a five-nation anti-terrorism force in the region.

He touched a nerve in Algiers by choosing its regional arch-rival, neighbouring Morocco, for his first visit to the Maghreb.

But accompanied by artists and business executives on his Algiers mission, he hopes to boost economic ties.

In his interview with Algerian newspapers, he said: "Algeria must open up more, there are still many obstacles to investment." But he also pointed to "promising fields of co-operation" between the two countries.

France remains the largest foreign employer in Algeria although it is losing market share to other European countries and China.

On a visit to Algiers in November, French economy minister Bruno Le Maire said it was "time to raise the bar".

Macron is set to leave Algeria for Qatar on Wednesday evening. — AFP