HÀ NỘI — Like many other countries in the region, Việt Nam faces the question of how to care for its ageing citizens, most essentially when it comes to providing health care.

The issue was the focus of the workshop on “Health security of older persons: a survey of five ASEAN countries,” recently held by the Institute of Public Policy and Management (IPPM) at National Economics University, Hà Nội City.

Researchers from Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar and Việt Nam - together with a number of experts and representatives from agencies specialising population ageing issues in Việt Nam - participated in the discussion.

Associate Professor Giang Thanh Long, Director of IPPM, stressed the importance of developing health security programmes for Asian countries in general and the five countries surveyed in particular.

Even with considerable disparity between per-capita income among these countries, they all experience accelerated ageing. Therefore, studies and reviews on the effectiveness of policies will provide learning opportunities for all involved.  

Delegates discussed how an ageing population leads to a rise in non-contagious but chronic diseases – such as cancer, diabetes, or cardiovascular diseases. These diseases require an overhaul of health care system, from facilities to personnel, further straining the already limited State budget.

Other aspects of elderly health care also need to be mainstreamed into State policy-making decisions: such as access to these healthcare services, and elderly satisfaction with health care.

Family values in focus

Speaking at the workshop, Dr. Theresa Devasahayam, former fellow and researcher-in-charge from Institute of Southeast Asian Studies in Singapore, said that the country’s government wants to push family values. Therefore, it has implemented a number of policies to encourage offspring and youngsters to take care of the elderly people – such as tax cuts and preferential housing prices for those living with their senior parents.

However, a noteworthy issue, as Theresa pointed out, is that the living cost in Singapore is exorbitant; it is one of the most expensive cities in the world. Therefore, ensuring an income that can comfortably cover expenses, including healthcare for low-income or irregular income earners, needs to be taken into account.

Associate Professor Ling How Kee, from the Social Science Faculty of Malaysia’s Unimas University, said that the country also holds family values in high regards. It’s often the case that old parents wish to live under the same roof with their children and grandchildren.

However, the elderly are feeling the profound impact of increasing migration from rural areas to urban centres.

Thailand, despite its trend of fewer children are living with their parents, still places a high premium on family relationships, thanks in large part to frequent communications, Associate Professor Rossarin Gray, who is serving as Deputy Director of the Institute for Population and Social Research at Mahidol University, said.

Giving a low-income country perspective, Malaysian Professor Hein Thet Ssoe, from HelpAge International – an international NGO that offers support for the elderly – said the country’s government is encouraging children to live with their parents.

However, like other Asian countries, stark and ever-expanding generational differences have led to a mounting preference for adult children to move away from their parents, causing a drop in number of the traditional multigenerational family. In Myanmar, nonagenarians and older are given a monthly subsidy, in addition to free-of-charge health check-ups and treatment, he added.

Lessons for Việt Nam

Việt Nam can learn from best practices implemented by other countries to deal with ageing populations. For example, the measures Thailand have taken to extend healthcare coverage to all people, or the shift towards a community-based geriatrics healthcare scheme.

Policies that provide financial support in housing purchases for adult children who want to live with their parents, if done right, can sway the trend of nuclearisation of households.

Considering the ageing Vietnamese population, the speakers all recommended the Vietnamese Government not only to pay attention to health care for old people as a standalone part in the healthcare system, but also consider a total overhaul of social security and health insurance. Its end goal should be a ‘successfully ageing society’ – where older people are able to achieve financial security, healthcare insurance, and active engagement in social activities.

The Government should reorient the delivery system from the intensive use of hospital care to greater reliance on improved primary care and reform provider payment mechanisms from fee-for-services to case-based approaches, recommended Phillip O’Keefe, World Bank’s Regional Lead Economist for Human Development for the East Asia and Pacific Region.

In closing, he said that adopting good practices and learning from similar countries’ social and cultural experiences will always yield numerous benefits. — VNS