Visitors queuing for entrance tickets to Bà Nà Hills, a famous tourist spot in the central city of Đà Nẵng. The flip side of impressive tourism development is greater challenges with overcrowding and the upkeep of popular destinations. Photo thoidai.com.vn

Hanoian Nguyễn Huy Hà and his family still remember clearly their experience on a tour from the capital city to the town of Tam Đảo in the northern mid-land province of Vĩnh Phúc in May.

“It was really a terrible trip,” Hà said.

The trip was in trouble from the start, with the tourists getting stuck in a horrible traffic jam on National Highway 2B that kept them from their destination.

“The traffic jam that day really taught me how bad traffic can be," Hà told Việt Nam News. "The ones people experience in Hà Nội or any other city around the world is nothing. It was really a disaster. It went on for kilometres. Tourists who had only hoped to enjoy a relaxing visit to Tam Đảo had to sit in the standstill for hours."

The trip only got worse from there. Hà was even angrier when speaking about his family's experience on the cable car.

“When we were halfway to the top of the mountain, the cable car suddenly stopped," Hà said. "It was terrifying. People were screaming, and everyone thought we were in real danger until an electricity cut was announced. We had to wait for one hour hanging there in the middle of the sky."

Hà said that while these might have been isolated incidents, their real cause was the mass influx of tourists to the Tam Đảo summer resort town during national holidays.

Hà's experience is just one example of the consequences of overcrowding at tourist sites.

Like Tam Đảo, many other famous tourist spots across the country such as Sa Pa and Hạ Long Bay in the north, Đà Nẵng, Huế and Đà Lạt in the central region and the Central Highlands have suffered from similar problems, particularly during the high season for tourism.

Over the last several years, the Vietnamese tourism industry has been posting remarkable growth. The number of visitors from abroad and of domestic travellers has been steadily climbing, bringing higher incomes for those in the tourism sector.

But the flip side of this impressive development is greater challenges with overcrowding and the upkeep of tourist destinations.

Most experts say the increase in the number of tourists is positive for the sector, but some have expressed fears that it may have reached its saturation point and the growth is not sustainable.

A recent World Bank report on Việt Nam's economic development placed special focus on tourism, saying it has been experiencing a boom for most of the past decade and that the country has established itself as one of Southeast Asia’s top tourist destinations.

“The number of international arrivals to the country has nearly quadrupled during this period, from 4.2 million in 2008 to 15.5 million in 2018," the report reads.

"Domestic tourism, which is significantly greater in volume than inbound tourism from abroad, has experienced a similar surge – a four-fold increase in the number of domestic traveller-trips, from 20.5 million in 2008 to 80 million in 2018.

“The sector’s rapid expansion, however, has brought it to a tipping point in its development, where continued growth, if not well managed, could have adverse economic, environmental and social impacts.” 

Ngô Hoài Chung, vice chairman of the Việt Nam National Administration of Tourism, said sites were especially overloaded during national holidays because of an imbalance in supply and demand and a lack of choices.

"Tourists are often affected by 'crowd psychology'," Chung told Hà Nội Mới (New Hà Nội) newspaper. "That means they follow each other to rush to tourist spots and areas where service capacity cannot meet demand, causing overloading."

”When overloading occurs, it means the travel experience is not guaranteed to meet expectations, service quality is degraded and cheating, fraud and inflated prices are more likely," the official said.

Chung said a lack of proper marketing had also contributed to the problem, since tourists are not aware of every possible destination.

“Tourists are not provided with adequate information about the place they plan to go, so they do not make the best choice,” he said.

“While many beaches like Bãi Cháy in the northern province of Quảng Ninh, Sầm Sơn in Thanh Hóa, Cửa Lò in Nghệ An and cities like Đà Nẵng and Nha Trang are often overloaded with tourists, others in the provinces of Phú Yên, Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are peaceful and deserted such as Mũi Né.”

Meanwhile, Nguyễn Thúy, a marketing officer from Bảo Sơn Travel, said overcrowding at popular destinations had a serious negative impact on tours for both foreign and domestic travellers.

“Many foreign tourists – including those arriving from China by land and those flying in from other countries – rush to Đà Nẵng and Nha Trang, causing overloading,” Thúy told Việt Nam News.

According to Thúy, Vietnamese tourists usually choose to travel during the peak season in May, June and July, adding to strain on tourism services during these months.

“In peak months, an overloaded tourism system is unavoidable," Thúy said. "Some places such as the beaches of Sầm Sơn, Cát Bà and Hạ Long are terribly crowded and visitors have to wait four or five hours to get on board a vessel to reach the sites."

This overcrowding also puts a strain on tour companies, forcing them to mobilise their resources to salvage the experience for guests.

"Whenever we face with overloaded sites, our company has to scramble to work with hotels to provide a convenient experience for tourists," Thúy said.

To avoid the situation, Chung said that in the coming high season, visitors should collect information about the places they want to visit so they understand where they are going.

The tourism authority official suggested that before travelling, tourists should carefully prepare for their stay by planning their transportation, accommodations and restaurants. They should avoid impromptu travel because it makes it more likely they will encounter unexpected incidents.

Chung said in recent months, many localities had hit their targets for attracting tourists, however, the sector as a whole needed to employ a sustainable, long-term development strategy, especially ahead of the peak tourism season.

He urged localities to offer more tourism services at different times of year to avoid overcrowding during the peak season.

“New destinations need to be promoted so visitors have more options," he said. "And most of all, service quality needs to be strictly managed so tourists have a good experience and are not overcharged." 

According to the World Bank report, "rapid visitor growth has been achieved, in large part, through a shift to a lower-spending visitor mix, a continued emphasis on mass market tourism products and increased concentrations of visitors into already-crowded and popular local destinations."

“This has exposed Việt Nam's vulnerabilities in infrastructure capacity, tourism human resources and environmental sustainability. If left unchecked, this profile of tourism growth risks diminishing its economic impacts, degrading natural and cultural tourism assets, and eroding local community support for tourism amidst perceptions that benefits don’t sufficiently exceed the costs." 

"To ensure the long-term sustainability of the sector, strategic choices need to be made regarding the preferred pace, composition and geographic balance of its future growth, and supported by decisive policy measures and investments in several areas." VNS 

GLOSSARY

The trip was in trouble from the start, with the tourists getting stuck in a horrible traffic jam on National Highway 2B that kept them from their destination.

Traffic jams happen when there is so much traffic that cars become stuck and cannot move.

A destination is a place where people travel to.

Hà was even angrier when speaking about his family's experience on the cable car.

A cable car is a little car that travels along cables over deep valleys and up high mountains.

Hà said that while these might have been isolated incidents, their real cause was the mass influx of tourists to the Tam Đảo summer resort town during national holidays.

Isolated incidents are things that do not happen very often.

If there is a mass influx of tourists, many tourists come to a place at the same time.

Hà's experience is just one example of the consequences of overcrowding at tourist sites.

Consequences are things that happen because something else has happened.

The number of visitors from abroad and of domestic travellers has been steadily climbing, bringing higher incomes for those in the tourism sector.

Abroad means overseas.

Incomes are amounts of money that are earned.

The tourism sector is the part of the economy that deals with tourism.

But the flip side of this impressive development is greater challenges with overcrowding and the upkeep of tourist destinations.

The flip side is something different, and may not be so good, that comes with something that is good.

Most experts say the increase in the number of tourists is positive for the sector, but some have expressed fears that it may have reached its saturation point and the growth is not sustainable.

To express fears means to make your fears known, in one way or another.

When saturation point is reached, no more of something can be accommodated.

If something is sustainable it can keep going.

A recent World Bank report on Việt Nam's economic development placed special focus on tourism, saying it has been experiencing a boom for most of the past decade and that the country has established itself as one of Southeast Asia’s top tourist destinations.

A boom is a time when things are going very well.

“The number of international arrivals to the country has nearly quadrupled during this period, from 4.2 million in 2008 to 15.5 million in 2018," the report reads.

Quadrupled means multiplied by four.

"Domestic tourism, which is significantly greater in volume than inbound tourism from abroad, has experienced a similar surge – a four-fold increase in the number of domestic traveller-trips, from 20.5 million in 2008 to 80 million in 2018.

Domestic tourism is tourism in a country by people from that country.

Inbound tourism is tourism by tourists coming into a country from other countries.

A surge is a sudden increase.

“The sector’s rapid expansion, however, has brought it to a tipping point in its development, where continued growth, if not well managed, could have adverse economic, environmental and social impacts.” 

A tipping point is a moment when things change and go in another direction.

Adverse means bad.

Impacts are effects.

Ngô Hoài Chung, vice chairman of the Việt Nam National Administration of Tourism, said sites were especially overloaded during national holidays because of an imbalance in supply and demand and a lack of choices.

Supply and demand decide the price of things. If there is an imbalance and there is far less supply, in the form of tourism products, and far more demand, in the form of people willing to pay for them, they will become ridiculously expensive.

"Tourists are often affected by 'crowd psychology'," Chung told Hà Nội Mới (New Hà Nội) newspaper. 

Psychology is the study of the mind.

”When overloading occurs, it means the travel experience is not guaranteed to meet expectations, service quality is degraded and cheating, fraud and inflated prices are more likely," the official said.

Degraded means “becomes of a lower quality”

Fraud means cheating in order to make money.

Inflated prices are unrealistically high prices.

According to Thúy, Vietnamese tourists usually choose to travel during the peak season in May, June and July, adding to strain on tourism services during these months.

Peak season for tourism is when there are the most tourists.

Strain means stress

"Some places such as the beaches of Sầm Sơn, Cát Bà and Hạ Long are terribly crowded and visitors have to wait four or five hours to get on board a vessel to reach the sites."

A vessel is a boat.

This overcrowding also puts a strain on tour companies, forcing them to mobilise their resources to salvage the experience for guests.

To mobilise means to get things ready for action.

Salvage means rescue.

"Whenever we face with overloaded sites, our company has to scramble to work with hotels to provide a convenient experience for tourists," Thúy said.

If something is convenient, it does not mess up people’s plans.

They should avoid impromptu travel because it makes it more likely they will encounter unexpected incidents.

Impromptu travel is travel that you decide to do very quickly before doing it, rather than spending time planning a journey.

“This has exposed Việt Nam's vulnerabilities in infrastructure capacity, tourism human resources and environmental sustainability.”

A vulnerability is the extent to which something can easily be harmed.

Infrastructure capacity is the extent to which roads, airports railways and so on are able to cope with lots of people using them.

If left unchecked, this profile of tourism growth risks diminishing its economic impacts, degrading natural and cultural tourism assets, and eroding local community support for tourism amidst perceptions that benefits don’t sufficiently exceed the costs." 

Eroding means eating into something and making it less.

Perceptions are what people think other people feel about something.

WORKSHEET

State whether the following sentences are true, or false:

1. Tam Đảo is a holiday destination.
2. The number of tourists visiting Việt Nam almost multiplied by eight between 2008 and 2018.
3. Ngô Hoài Chung is the marketing officer from Bảo Sơn Travel.
4. Nguyễn Thúy is vice chairman of the Việt Nam National Administration of Tourism.
5. World Bank recently produced a report on Việt Nam’s economic development.

ANSWERS: 1. True; 2. False; 3. False; 4. False; 5. True.