Since Việt Nam became a republic in 1945, many craft villages have moved away from their traditional sources of income. One start-up business is trying to update and maintain the 300-year-old craft of embroidery to meet contemporary needs. Nguyễn Mỹ Hà reports.

In the two months leading up to Tết, the Lunar New Year, the fashion houses across the country launch their latest áo dài collections for the year.

Women of all ages busily prepare one of their most special costumes of the year, second only to the ones they wear for the wedding of a family member.

If the fashion world has two collections – one for Spring/Summer and one for Autumn/Winter – then many Vietnamese designers tend to have three each year: the same two collections, and one just for áo dài.

Áo dài can fit all women

People often think a delicate outfit like áo dài can be hard to wear, because you are supposed to show the body under a couple layers of thin silk or velvet. But actually, the free flow of the drapes make it fit any body type and the long sleeves and long trousers make it safe to wear if you don’t want to expose your skin.

Among all the áo dài, the most sophisticated ones are embroidered, with each image bearing a message or goal for the person wearing it.

When Việt Nam was a kingdom, many villages survived by filling the wardrobes of the King, his wife and his contingent of concubines. Since Việt Nam became a republic in 1945, these traditional villages switched to making ornate embroidered tablecloths, napkins, embroidered paintings and duvet covers, or kimonos, small gift boxes and bags.

Besides rice farming work, the livelihoods of these artisans depend on the export orders they receive.

“My parents only wanted me to go to school, go to college, get a job as an office worker and settle down,” says Bùi Mai Lan, 35, founder of the Tú Thị Hand Embroidery company. “They did not want me to follow the traditional craft of our village because they both think it’s all hard work and low pay. All they wanted for me was to be a government employee to get a pension when I retire.”

Quất Động, cradle of embroidery

Lan says she was lucky to have grown up in Quất Động Village in a land of more than 200 craft villages in the Hà Tây region.

“Every family in my village used to have several frames for embroidery,” she says. “During summer when we went there from our Hà Nội house, I saw my uncles and cousins embroidering all the time.”

It was as natural a part of life as breathing. Lan says she had a happy childhood playing in her country home and watching her family sewing. They would take a break to prepare a meal, then go back to work together again.

One day, hanging around the masters of the craft, the little girl received an offer: “Want to try it?”

So she did. From early on, children learned to make simple stitches. The first detail they were allowed to sew was the water in a larger dragon painting.

“I started out with water, then I did clouds,” she says. “Then I got to do each segment of the dragon’s long body. And the adults would meticulously sew the dragon scales.”

“Sometimes, when they worked on a large painting, six or seven people would sit around a frame working at the same time to make a landscape painting or one that has dragons, kylins, turles and phoenixes, the ancient sacred symbols. The overall ambience was really busy and happy,” she says.

“During my childhood, I could see the better time of the village was around 2001 to 2005, when orders from Japan to make kimonos and orders to from South Korea to make tablecloths kept villagers busy.”

Lan says she did exactly what her parents wanted her to do. She studied well, finished college and got a job as a journalist at Radio the Voice of Việt Nam. To many of her fellow villagers, and her cousins who stayed to work as craftspeople, it was a dream job to have – if you do not make any grave mistakes, you are on the right track to get your pension upon retirement.

But since 2005 her village has received fewer orders year by year, so many families have opted for other ways to make ends meet. Since 2010, there was a little vogue of cross stitch works that people were enthusiastic about. But to Lan, it was not the real embroidery she used to know. 

“The more I went to my village, the more I had to see our family’s beloved old things being lost,” Lan says.

“I treasure my memory, and that of our family, of our village’s craft. My younger cousins also loved it and I want to keep the line going.

“So I asked myself, why don’t I go back to doing embroidery?”

Lan started thinking about it more seriously in 2017. “But I was still very scared. Because I went to work right after college graduation, I did not know anything about business or the balance sheet. I always made mistakes doing maths, let alone trying to make some profit by counting costs and turnover.”

Lan wasn’t convinced she would change careers, until a family anniversary for an ancestor that changed her mind for good.

As a family deeply rooted in the village life of the country, Lan says her family has many anniversaries to worship ancient ancestors throughout the year.

Two years ago around this time of year, she went home to see her father discarding her family’s own embroidered wooden and bamboo frames, including some from her grandparents’ time.

“Dad, what are you doing?” She asked. “I’m throwing them away,” he said. “They are all rotten, eaten up by wood borers. They would eventually eat up our other furniture. I’m burning them up, as firewood to cook!”