by Công Thành

Organic gardening is a traditional, healthy style of farming known to most Vietnamese people for centuries. However, the old style is fading in the modern day, as farmers keep rushing with rapid changes of habit of consumers in the market to increase their profit. As the number of cancer patients rises in hospitals and food is seen as a contributing factor, consumers and farmers think of the old, safe, environmentally friendly farming styles. Urban residents now prefer growing their own vegetables in plastic boxes on their balconies or roofs to provide themselves chemical-free vegetables. A community garden in Điện Bàn town in Quảng Nam Province has developed an organic farm model to help raise awareness in its community about the importance of safe, healthy food and environmental protection.

Vũ Thị Mỹ Hạnh, 29, from Hà Nội, and a group of volunteers work on a 600sq.m garden in a small village in Điện Bàn town. They are trying to revive an old style of farming linked to their Vietnamese ancestors.

Hạnh, who manages the Green Youth Collective project, said the garden village on the Thu Bồn River was an example of native-friendly gardening for young people and farmers who want a healthy future.

Hạnh allocated a 600sq.m farm to build a mock-up of a natural jungle garden that could be replicated.

“Farmers no longer practise as their ancestors did in gardens and paddies. They rush for profit and productivity, but don’t care about the environment or health of the community. Chemical ingredients in pesticides, weed killers and fertilisers are often over-used for maximum harvest in a short amount of time,” Hạnh said. “We are trying to build up a demonstration to introduce gentle gardening skills to improve the soil, underground water and love of working among young people and local farmers.”

The garden was grown on a jungle-based structure, in which soil is kept as a basement while layers of ‘green fertiliser’ provide nutrition for the plants.

Rubbish, leaves, rice straw, kitchen-ash and cow manure are processed for compost.

Hạnh, who is known as Stoney Chenal on Facebook, said a good natural habitat was formed in the garden, with peaceful coexistence among insects, flowers and plants.

“Creepers can grow along with beans, as it keeps the slight plant braced against wind during a storm, while bushes and herbs create a cool and moist cover for soil and roots, as well as earthworms,” she explained. “Flowers are grown in the garden not only for colourful decoration, but because they lure bees, ants and beetles – which protect the plants from harmful insects.”

The Hanoian project managers said the nature-based garden opened the door for all youths who wish to have a green future and develop healthy life skills.

She said the garden helped educate people on sustainable gardening practices that focus on building up the soil, cover-cropping, companion planting and working with local plants. There were also community workshops, and individual and group projects.

Hạnh said seeds were collected every harvest and stored for the next crop.

Volunteers

Nguyễn Thị Hà, 22, a final-year student at Huế Science and Humanitarian College, said the organic farm lured her with its practical gardening tips and opportunities for studying for her environmental thesis.

Hà, from Điện An Commune of Quảng Nam Province, said the organic farming would help her experience more sustainable farming in her homeland.

“I learn skills of ancient gardening from volunteers working at the project, and I found that it’s really a healthy production not only for people, but for the environment,” Hà said. “Pollution, over-use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture has gradually poisoned lifestyles in peaceful rural areas. Urban residents are now suspicious of farm produce in the market, as they are not sure which is safe.” 

“Much talk in urban areas just focuses on safety food and organic gardening,” Hà said. “Urban residents only believe food is safe from what they see at organic farms in rural villages.”

Piangruethai Kiatchonnavi, also known as BPhu, an English teacher from Thailand who joined the project as a volunteer for the past seven months, said she found organic farming interesting.

“I retired from teaching in Thailand as I found it stressful,” Piangruethai said. “I have traveled Southeast Asian countries to practise gardening. I really want to raise awareness about organic gardening for better health and environment.

“If I demonstrate the old way of gardening, local people will come to know our way and they will understand. We’ll provide free training for them and they will learn about sustainable production from the organic farm.”

Hà, who is the youngest in her family of four siblings, didn’t do any gardening as a child. But in her adult life she’s learned to love organic farming. She even uses a natural pesticide made with garlic, ginger, chilli and rice wine.

“Organic gardening reminds me of my childhood, when I witnessed my parents working on their garden and rice farm the natural way,” she said.

She said she has been studying the productivity of organic and chemical-based farming.

“I just test plots of vegetables,” she said. “I initially found that vegetables from organic plots grow better. It’s because plants are nourished from ‘green nutrition’, while in chemical farming the fertility of the soil is damaged.”

Hà said that she had not yet analysed the natural composition of the soil being used at organic farms in comparison with soil at pesticide- and chemical-using farms.  

Changing minds

Vũ Đức Sinh, deputy chairman of the Triêm Tây village farming co-operative, said the Green Youth Collective project brought about big changes for local farmers.

“Safety and chemical free farming has been a favourite of local people in the village in recent years,” Sinh said. Buyers are becoming more aware of the dangers of food with chemicals in it.

“Our ancestors made fertiliser from green leaves and cattle dung. It’s about coexistence between people and nature.”

Sinh said nearly 50 per cent of the village had been educated about organic farming, but more change was still needed.

“Local farmers thought the new process would waste their time with little results, but they have not yet recognised the importance of the environment, and clean and healthy food,” he said.

Sinh added that he has been seeking financial support from the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and UNESCO to build the village into a clean, healthy farming area.

“I myself join in on communication campaigns about organic farming,” he said. “We have been encouraging local people not to use plastic bags, and to sort their rubbish and recycle.

“It’s a long education course, but we hope for a better future. I often persuade local farmers that organic farming and environmentally friendly methods will create a better future for our children. I told them that if you want to live longer, you should have an environment with fresh air, and chemical-free, safe food.”

Nguyễn Thị Biên, 61, a villager, said she also farmed on a 500sq.m garden to collect vegetables for her family.

“I just do not use toxic pesticides, but chemical fertiliser is still used,” Biên said. “I know the organic method from the project, but it’s still very strange for us. We rarely change.”

“It’s prolonged habit of local farmers, and we need an actual bumper harvest from organic farming as well as better change of environment,” she said.

 Hà said she would return to her homeland with organic farming skills to develop more clean, green gardens for her community.

“I wish to build a ‘green and clean’ brand of vegetable and farm produce from my village,” she said. “It’s our community goal that we could do all this with our passion and our love for nature.” 

Sinh said he hoped organic farms would attract tourists from Hội An on the other side of Thu Bồn River, as Cẩm Kim Bridge conveniently connects the ancient city with the rural village.

Hạnh, the manager of the Green Youth Collective project, said it would also host a training course on organic farming for underprivileged youth this summer.  – VNS

GLOSSARY

Organic gardening is a traditional, healthy style of farming known to most Vietnamese people for centuries.

Centuries are periods of a hundred years.

However, the old style is fading in the modern day, as farmers keep rushing with rapid changes of habit of consumers in the market to increase their profit.

Fading means withdrawing.

Habits are things people do regularly, almost without thinking. It may be chewing fingernails, buying a certain type of fruit every day, singing in the shower or many, many other things. When there is a rapid change in habits, people change very quickly from one habit to other habits.

Consumers are people who buy and use things.

 As the number of cancer patients rises in hospitals and food is seen as a contributing factor, consumers and farmers think of the old, safe, environmentally friendly farming styles.

If food is a contributing factor to cancer, one of the many things that can cause cancer is the food they choose to eat.

Urban residents now prefer growing their own vegetables in plastic boxes on their balconies or roofs to provide themselves chemical-free vegetables.

Residents are people who live in a certain place. Urban residents are people who live in towns and cities.

 A community garden in Điện Bàn town in Quảng Nam Province has developed an organic farm model to help raise awareness in its community about the importance of safe, healthy food and environmental protection.

An organic farm is a farm where food is produced without the help of fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals.

An organic farm model is a plan that shows how organic farming can be done and can be copied by people wanting to do organic farming.

To raise awareness about organic farming means to make more people know about it.

They are trying to revive an old style of farming linked to their Vietnamese ancestors.

Revive means bring back to life.

Your ancestors are your grandparents, their parents and their parents and so on.

Hạnh, who manages the Green Youth Collective project, said the garden village on the Thu Bồn River was an example of native-friendly gardening for young people and farmers who want a healthy future.

Native-friendly gardening means gardening in a way that is suitable to conditions in a certain place. In this case, suitable to conditions in Viet Nam.

Hạnh allocated a 600sq.m farm to build a mock-up of a natural jungle garden that could be replicated.

A mock-up is a model.

Something that can be replicated can be copied.

“Chemical ingredients in pesticides, weed killers and fertilisers are often over-used for maximum harvest in a short amount of time,” Hạnh said.

Chemical ingredients in pesticides are the chemicals that are in the mixtures used to make pesticides. Pesticides are sprays used to get rid of pests on plants.

Fertilisers are chemicals used to make soil stronger for growing plants.

Maximum harvest is the absolute most a farmer can produce in a field.

 “We are trying to build up a demonstration to introduce gentle gardening skills to improve the soil, underground water and love of working among young people and local farmers.”

A demonstration is a display that may include people talking about organic farming as well as pictures, diagrams and illustrations.

The garden was grown on a jungle-based structure, in which soil is kept as a basement while layers of ‘green fertiliser’ provide nutrition for the plants.

A basement, in this case, means a bottom layer.

Nutrition means the goodness that is in food. In this case food for the plants, found in the soil that is taken up by their roots.

Rubbish, leaves, rice straw, kitchen-ash and cow manure are processed for compost.

Cow manure is cow droppings. When manure is processed to compost it is changed into a type of natural fertiliser that can be added to the soil to make it stronger.

Hạnh, who is known as Stoney Chenal on Facebook, said a good natural habitat was formed in the garden, with peaceful coexistence among insects, flowers and plants.

A habitat is a place that has the right conditions for a certain type of creature to live in or, in this case, a certain type of plant to grow in.

A coexistence means an arrangement of living together. In this case it is of insects, flowers and plants living together.

“Creepers can grow along with beans, as it keeps the slight plant braced against wind during a storm, while bushes and herbs create a cool and moist cover for soil and roots, as well as earthworms,” she explained.

Slight means small and weak.

Braced means supported.

Moist means wet.

“Flowers are grown in the garden not only for colourful decoration, but because they lure bees, ants and beetles – which protect the plants from harmful insects.”

Lure means attract.

She said the garden helped educate people on sustainable gardening practices that focus on building up the soil, cover-cropping, companion planting and working with local plants.

Gardening that is sustainable can be kept going.

Cover cropping means growing plants that may keep weeds down or stop the soil from being washed away.

Companion planting means planting different plants next to one another that help each other to grow well.

Nguyễn Thị Hà, 22, a final-year student at Huế Science and Humanitarian College, said the organic farm lured her with its practical gardening tips and opportunities for studying for her environmental thesis.

A thesis is an academic project.

“Pollution, over-use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture has gradually poisoned lifestyles in peaceful rural areas.”

Gradually means very slowly.

Piangruethai Kiatchonnavi, also known as BPhu, an English teacher from Thailand who joined the project as a volunteer for the past seven months, said she found organic farming interesting.

A volunteer is someone who does a job without expecting to be paid.

“I retired from teaching in Thailand as I found it stressful,” Piangruethai said.

When someone retires from a job, they stop doing that job because they have reached the age when one quits and allows younger people to take one’s place.

When something is stressful you battle to do it and it makes you feel as if you are not in control of your life.

Hà, who is the youngest in her family of our siblings, didn’t do any gardening as a child.

Your siblings are your brothers and sisters.

“Organic gardening reminds me of my childhood, when I witnessed my parents working on their garden and rice farm the natural way,” she said.

To witness something means to see it.

“I initially found that vegetables from organic plots grow better.”

Initially means “to begin with”.

 It’s because plants are nourished from ‘green nutrition’, while in chemical farming the fertility of the soil is damaged.”

Nourished means fed.

Hà said that she had not yet analysed the natural composition of the soil being used at organic farms in comparison with soil at pesticide- and chemical-using farms.  

To analyse the natural composition of the soil means to take a careful look, using lots of knowledge, to work out what the soil is made of.

“Our ancestors made fertiliser from green leaves and cattle dung.”

Dung means the same as manure.

“Local farmers thought the new process would waste their time with little results, but they have not yet recognised the importance of the environment, and clean and healthy food,” he said.

To recognise the importance of the environment, and clean and healthy food means to accept that all these things are important.

Sinh added that he had been seeking financial support from the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and UNESCO to build the village into a clean, healthy farming area.

Financial help means help in the form of money.

“I myself join in on communication campaigns about organic farming,” he said.

A communication campaign is a special effort to get a message across to people. In this case it is a message about organic farming.

 “We have been encouraging local people not to use plastic bags, and to sort their rubbish and recycle.

To recycle means to use something that has already been used again for a different purpose.

“I often persuade local farmers that organic farming and environmentally friendly methods will create a better future for our children.

To persuade someone to do something means to convince them slowly and gently.

“I just do not use toxic pesticides, but chemical fertiliser is still used,” Biên said.

Toxic means poisonous.

“It’s prolonged habit of local farmers, and we need a practical positive bumper harvest from organic farming as well as better change of environment,” she said.

Prolonged means carrying on for a long time.

If the bridge connects the ancient city with the rural village conveniently, it means that people travelling between these two places do not need to go a long and difficult way to get across the river.

Hạnh, the manager of the Green Youth Collective project, said it would also host a training course on organic farming for underprivileged youth this summer.

To host a course means to hold it at your home or office.

Underprivileged people are people who are poor and have not had many, if any, opportunities.

WORKSHEET
State whether the following sentences are true, or false:

1. Organic farmers use lots of chemicals.
2. ILO stands for Interior Labour Organisation.
3. Piangruethai Kiatchonnavi originally comes from Thailand.
4. Corn is grown along the Thu Bồn River.
5. The Cẩm Kim Bridge is across the Thu Bồn River.

ANSWERS:

© Duncan Guy/Learn the News/ Viet Nam News 2016

1 False; 2. False; 3. True; 4. True; 5. True.