1787

The Northwest Ordinance is enacted by Congress; outlining how the territory north of the Ohio River will be governed and evolve into states.

1822

Greeks defeat Turks at Thermopylae in Greece.

1854

Abbas I, viceroy of Egypt under the Ottomans who opposed Western-inspired reforms, is strangled by two of his servants, and succeeded by Mohammed Said.

1863

Rioting against US Civil War military conscription breaks out in New York City, and about 1,000 people are killed in three days of disorder.

1911

Britain and Japan renew their alliance for four years.

1992

President George Bush announces that the United States will no longer produce plutonium and highly enriched uranium for weapons.

1995

A jury in Panama declares former President Manuel Antonio Noriega innocent of the murders of nine army officers who participated in a 1989 coup attempt against him.

1997

US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, recently told about her Jewish heritage, finds names of family members who were killed by Germans during Holocaust on wall of Prague synagogue.

1998

Japanese Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto resigns after his party is humiliated in parliamentary elections.

2000

Ending a hostage standoff that paralyzed Fiji, coup leader George Speight frees the ousted prime minister and 17 others. His hand-picked nominee is named the country's new president.

2001

Pakistani President Gen Pervez Musharraf arrives in India for a landmark summit aimed at smoothing stormy relations between these two countries. — ap